Language is a human system of communication that uses arbitrary
signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols.language is used as
a communication tool for sharing information with others.
Cognition is a term referring to the mental processes involved in
gaining knowledge and comprehension. These processes include thinking, knowing,
remembering, judging, and problem-solving. These are higher-level functions of
the brain and encompass language, imagination, perception, and planning. Actually
there are two views of experts on the relationship between language and
cognition. Piaget argued that a child's knowledge and observations lead to the
emergence of a language development. without cognition, there will be no one
language. in other words, language is a reflection of the development of
cognition. Different views of Vygotsky about the importance of cultural and
social environment by learning the language. although the strength is very
important cognition, language that would affect child cognition. With language,
children will make interpretation on the surrounding environment. Language which
triggers the interpretation that would then encourage children to think. Language
and cognition influence each other, without either language or cognition will
not be developed.
Language
Acquisition or How people
learn language is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive
and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words to communicate.
There are two types of language learning, naturalistic
and formal learning. The first naturalistic, is natural and unconsciously. It
occurs in the environment of society and started from the beginning (when a
child has not mastered any language) and the development of language
acquisition is in line with the physical and psychological development.
Second language acquisition is not same with the first
language acquisition. Here students had to master their first language well and
the development of second language acquisition is not in line with the physical
and psychological development. It conducted formally and the motivation of
students in general is not too high because a second language is not used for
everyday communication in their community.
Generally the role of formal teaching of second language
acquisition is designed for achieve the goals that students masters their
second language, suffice the sub skills as speaking, listening, reading, and
writing even they could appreciate the literature works for every needs.
Classroom as a place for teaching and learning process,
is really important especially for the beginner who have not more input from
their informal environment. So it means that classroom should provide the activities
that give more inputs for the students progress.
A teacher needs to understand the true purpose of the
teaching of second language, to master the various strategies for different
purposes, has the capability required the development of teaching materials,
and has the ability to choose or develop evaluation tools and techniques as
appropriate.
The student is a central element in teaching. All
materials and learning activities also evaluation should be designed and
implemented in accordance with the conditions and needs of students. The
success of the second language held a large part determined by the student.
There are several factors that influence; student motivation, ability,
attitude, self concept, strong responsibility, and learning styles. Student is
not the teaching object but a subject, who thinks solve problems, operate, and
make decisions, and so on.
In teaching should be appropriate to the students needs,
students' abilities, and students interests to the material to be delivered.
Sources:
http://addi-muhaemin.blogspot.com/2012/03/scope-of-psycholinguistics-studies-and.html
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